Health Library

Articles In This Section

• Spirometry

  Spirometry measures how much and how quickly someone breathes in and out. It can help diagnose and monitor diseases that make it hard to breathe.

• Stool Test: Bacteria Culture

  A stool culture helps doctors determine if there's a bacterial infection in the intestines.

• Stool Test: C. Difficile Toxin

  A doctor may request a Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) toxin stool test if your child has taken antibiotics in the past month or so and has had diarrhea for several days.

• Stool Test: Fecal Blood

  Stool samples can provide information about a problem in the GI system. To test the stool for the presence of blood, a noninvasive test - the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) - is performed.

• Stool Test: Giardia Antigen

  This test may be done if a child has watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, large amounts of intestinal gas, appetite loss, and nausea or vomiting.

• Stool Test: H. Pylori Antigen

  A doctor may request an H. pylori antigen stool test if your child has symptoms that indicate a peptic ulcer, such as indigestion, abdominal pain, a full or bloated feeling, nausea, frequent belching, or vomiting.

• Stool Test: Ova and Parasites (O&P)

  This exam may be done if your child has diarrhea for an extended period, blood or mucus in the stool, abdominal pain, nausea, headaches, or fever.

• Strep Test: Rapid

  A rapid strep test is done to help quickly determine whether a sore throat is caused by a strep infection vs. other germs (usually viruses) that don't require antibiotic treatment.

• Surgeries and Procedures: Laryngoscopy

  Laryngoscopy, a visual examination below the back of the throat, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, pain in the throat or ear, difficulty in swallowing, narrowing of the throat, blockages in the airway, and vocal cord problems.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe and painless test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of the body's organs and structures.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Lumbar Spine

  A lumbar spine MRI is a painless test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of the bones, disks, and other structures in the lower back.

• PET/MRI Scan

  A PET/MRI scan is an imaging test that combines PET and MRI in one session. It creates very detailed pictures of the inside of the body.

• CT (CAT) Scan: Head

  A CT scan of the head uses a special X-ray machine to take pictures of the brain, skull, and sinuses, as well as blood vessels in the head.

• Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Chloride Sweat Test

  Is your child scheduled to have a sweat test? Find out how this test is performed and how it's used to diagnose cystic fibrosis.

• Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Respiratory Screen: Sputum

  Kids with cystic fibrosis (CF) often get lung and airway infections. A sputum CF respiratory screen or culture helps doctors detect, identify, and treat infection-causing bacteria or fungi.

• ECG (Electrocardiogram)

  Is your child scheduled to have an ECG? Find out how this test is performed and when you can expect the results.

• EEG (Electroencephalogram)

  Is your child scheduled to have an EEG? Find out how this test is done and when you can expect the results.

• EMG (Electromyogram)

  Is your child scheduled to have an EMG? Find out how this test is performed and when you can expect the results.

• Getting a CT (CAT) Scan

  CT scans give doctors more detailed images than X-rays can provide. Here's what it's like to get one of these tests.

• Getting an MRI

  An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a safe and painless test that uses magnets and radio waves to make detailed pictures of the body's organs, muscles, soft tissues, and structures. Here's what to expect.

• Blood Test: Magnesium

  Doctors do this test to assess blood levels of magnesium, which helps the muscles and nerves function, the heart maintain normal rhythm, the bones stay strong, and the body process energy and make proteins.

• Blood Test: Phosphorus

  Doctors may order a phosphorus blood test to help diagnose or monitor kidney disorders, calcium and bone problems, or other conditions.

• Blood Test: Prolactin

  A prolactin test can help diagnose prolactinoma, a usually benign tumor of the pituitary gland, irregular menstrual periods, thyroid or adrenal gland dysfunction, and other problems.

• Blood Test: Prothrombin Time (PT)

  Doctors may order a PT test as part of an evaluation for a bleeding disorder or to monitor the effects of blood-thinning medicine.

• Blood Test: Reticulocyte Count

  This test measures the rate at which reticulocytes (immature red blood cells) are made in the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream. A reticulocyte count can provide information about a child's anemia.

• Blood Test: Somatomedin C (IGF-1)

  A somatomedin C test usually is ordered to check for pituitary gland disorder and problems with growth hormones production.

• Blood Test: T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU)

  Doctors may order the T3 resin uptake when a child's symptoms or previous blood tests seem to suggest thyroid dysfunction.

• Blood Test: T3 Total (Triiodothyronine)

  The T3 total test is part of an evaluation of thyroid function. It's particularly useful in diagnosing hyperthyroidism, which can cause symptoms such as a fast heart rate, weight loss, trembling and sweating.

• Blood Test: T4 (Thyroxine)

  Doctors may order the T4 blood test if a person has symptoms that suggest any kind of thyroid disorder.

• Blood Test: Testosterone

  A testosterone blood test may be done if a child seems to be entering puberty earlier or later than expected, or to check for damage or disease of the testes or ovaries, adrenal glands, or pituitary glands.

• Blood Test: Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TgAb)

  Doctors do thyroglobulin antibodies tests to help diagnose autoimmune conditions involving the thyroid gland, or when they suspect a thyroid disorder.

• Blood Test: Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies

  The thyroid peroxidase antibodies test can help doctors diagnose and monitor autoimmune conditions involving the thyroid gland, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves disease.

• Blood Test: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

  Doctors may order TSH blood tests to diagnose and monitor treatment of a thyroid disorder or see how the pituitary gland is working.

• Blood Test: Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA)

  The tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) test is usually done to help doctors diagnose celiac disease.

• Blood Test: Uric Acid

  Doctors may order this test if they suspect high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. Some kids with leukemia or other types of cancer can have high levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia).

• Blood Test: Valproic Acid

  Doctors may order a blood test for valproic acid, an anticonvulsant drug prescribed mainly to prevent seizures, to see how the liver is processing the medicine.

• Blood Test: von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Activity – Ristocetin Cofactor

  A von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity - ristocetin cofactor test lets doctors evaluate the functioning of a protein that helps blood to clot.

• Blood Test: von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Antigen

  Doctors order the vWF antigen test to help diagnose or monitor the treatment of von Willebrand disease.

• CT (CAT) Scan: Abdomen

  An abdominal CT scan uses a special X-ray machine to take pictures of the liver, spleen, kidneys, bladder, stomach, intestines, pancreas, and adrenal glands, blood vessels, and lymph nodes.

• Blood Test: Factor IX Activity

  Doctors order the factor IX activity test to help diagnose or monitor the treatment of hemophilia B.

• Blood Test: Factor VIII Activity

  A factor VIII activity blood test enables doctors to evaluate the functioning of a protein that helps blood to clot.

• Blood Test: Ferritin (Iron)

  Doctors may order a ferritin test when they suspect kids have too little or too much iron in their bodies.

• Blood Test: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

  Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important role in sexual development. An FSH test to measure the level of FSH in the bloodstream may be done if puberty seems to be starting earlier or later than expected.

• Blood Test: Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)

  A GGT blood test helps doctors look for problems with the liver or bile ducts.

• Blood Test: Glucose

  The blood glucose test, which measures the amount of sugar in the blood, may be done as part of a routine physical or to help diagnose diabetes.

• Blood Test: Hemoglobin

  Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells. A hemoglobin test can be done as part of a routine checkup to screen for problems and or because a child isn't feeling well.

• Blood Test: Hemoglobin A1c

  Doctors use a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test to determine if your child's diabetes management plan needs to be adjusted.

• Blood Test: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

  A hemoglobin electrophoresis can help diagnose diseases involving abnormal hemoglobin production, and often is performed as part of newborn screening tests.

• Blood Test: Hepatic (Liver) Function Panel

  A hepatic function panel is a blood test that helps doctors check for liver injury, infection, or disease. It also can check for side effects in the liver from some medicines.

• Blood Test: Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

  Checking IgA levels can help doctors diagnose problems with the immune system, intestines, and kidneys. It's also used to check autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and celiac disease.

• Blood Test: Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM)

  Immunoglobulins (antibodies in the blood) can give doctors important information about the immune system, especially relating to infection or autoimmune disease.

• Blood Test: Insulin

  This test is often used to evaluate the cause of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or any other conditions related to abnormal insulin production.

• Blood Test: Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

  Lactate dehydrogenase (also called lactic acid dehydrogenase, or LDH) is an enzyme found in almost all body tissues. The LDH test is generally used to screen for tissue damage.

• Blood Test: Lead

  In babies and young kids whose brains are still developing, even a small amount of lead can cause learning disabilities and behavioral problems. A lead test can determine the amount of lead in the blood.

• Blood Test: Lipase

  A lipase test may be done if a child has signs of a problem with the pancreas, such as belly pain, nausea, or vomiting.

• Blood Test: Lipid Panel

  Results from a lipid panel enable your doctor to evaluate the levels of different kinds of fats in the blood.

• Blood Test: Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

  A luteinizing hormone (LH) test measures the level of this hormone in the bloodstream. LH plays an important role in sexual development.

• Blood Test: 17-Hydroxyprogesterone

  The 17-hydroxyprogesterone test is mainly used to check for the most common form of the genetic disorder congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in infants and children.

• Blood Test: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, or SGPT)

  An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood test is often part of an initial screening for liver disease.

• Blood Test: Amylase

  An amylase test may be done if a child has signs of a problem with the pancreas, such as belly pain, nausea, or vomiting.

• Blood Test: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, or SGOT)

  An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test is often part of an initial screening for liver problems.

• Blood Test: Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

  A basic metabolic panel (BMP), commonly ordered as part of routine medical exam, is a set of blood tests that gives information about sugar (glucose) and calcium levels, kidney function, and electrolyte and fluid balance.

• Blood Test: Bilirubin

  Doctors may order bilirubin blood tests for infants or older kids if they see signs of jaundice.

• Blood Test: C-Peptide

  A C-peptide test can help doctors tell the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It also can help find the cause of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

• Blood Test: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

  A C-reactive protein (CRP) blood test is used to identify inflammation or infection in the body.

• Blood Test: Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

  A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) blood test helps evaluate kidney and liver function, sugar (glucose) and protein levels in the blood, and electrolyte and fluid balance.

• Blood Test: Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate (DHEA-S)

  Doctors may order a DHEA-S test if a child shows signs of sexual development earlier than expected. It can rule out certain diseases of the testes or ovaries, or help diagnose damage or disease of the pituitary gland.

• Blood Test: Estradiol

  Estradiol is the most important form of the hormone estrogen. Doctors may order an estradiol test if puberty seems to be starting earlier or later than expected, or to evaluate menstrual problems.

• Surgeries and Procedures: Retinopathy of Prematurity

  Retinopathy of prematurity, which mostly occurs in premature babies, is a disease that causes abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. Sometimes surgery is needed to prevent vision loss or blindness.

• Tracheostomy

  A tracheostomy is a surgically made opening in the front of the neck that goes directly into the airway. This keeps the pathway open so air can go through a tube, into the airway, and to the lungs.

• Words to Know: Transplants

  Easy-to-understand definitions of some key transplant terms.

• Aspiration and Biopsy: Bone Marrow

  A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are performed to examine bone marrow, the spongy liquid part of the bone where blood cells are made.

• Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line)

  A PICC line is like an IV line, but is much longer and can stay in place for longer periods.

• Surgeries and Procedures: Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube)

  Some kids have medical problems that prevent them from being able to take adequate nutrition by mouth. A gastrostomy tube (also called a G-tube) is a tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach. Read this article to find out more about the gastrostomy procedure.

• Embolization

  Embolization is a procedure in which plugging material or a plugging object is put into a blood vessel to block it. It's used to help treat many conditions.

• Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube)

  Some kids have medical problems that prevent them from being able to take adequate nutrition by mouth. A gastrostomy tube (also called a G-tube) delivers nutrition directly to the stomach.

• Getting a Blood Test

  Blood tests help doctors check how the body’s organs are working and see if medical treatments are helpful. Here's how they're done.

• Laryngoscopy

  Laryngoscopy, a visual exam of the voicebox and airway, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, throat or ear pain, and other bothersome symptoms.

• Talking to the Pharmacist

  If your child is sick, you'll probably have many questions to ask your doctor. But have you made a list of questions and concerns to share with your pharmacist?

• Telehealth and Your Child

  Telehealth is changing health care. Find out how things like video doctor visits can benefit you and your family.

• Viewing Clinical Notes in Your Child’s Electronic Medical Record

  If you use a patient portal or smartphone app to access your family’s health care information, you'll see that notes from the health care provider are now available.

• What Is Interventional Radiology (IR)?

  Interventional radiology (IR) is a way for doctors to treat problems like vascular anomalies and tumors.

• What to Expect at a Telehealth Visit

  Find out how a video visit works and what you need to do to get ready.

• What’s a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine?

  You might be surprised to learn that not all physicians have the letters MD after their names. Some have the letters DO (doctor of osteopathy).

• When Your Child’s in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

  It can be stressful whenever kids are in the hospital — and even more so when they're admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A basic understanding of the PICU can help you feel better prepared to help your child recover.

• Your Child’s Diabetes Health Care Team

  When you have a child with diabetes, you and your family have a lot to learn, but you don't have to go it alone. Your child's diabetes health care team can help.

• Blood Transfusions

  A blood transfusion is a safe and relatively simple medical procedure that replaces blood lost during surgery or because of an injury or illness.

• Health Care Providers: Physical Therapists

  Physical therapists are movement experts who help people with prescribed exercises, hands-on care, and patient education.

• Health Care Providers: Physician Assistants (PAs)

  Physician assistants (PA) work together with doctors to give medical care. They do much of the patient care that doctors do.

• Health Care Providers: Plastic Surgeons

  A plastic surgeon is a doctor who does surgery to repair, rebuild, or replace a part of the body to improve how it looks and works. This can involve the skin, musculoskeletal system, craniomaxillofacial (head and face) structures, hand, extremities, breast and trunk, and other areas of the body.

• Health Care Providers: Pulmonologists

  A pulmonologist is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, prevents, and treats lung and airway problems. Many are also trained in critical care medicine.

• Health Care Providers: Radiologists

  A radiologist is a doctor who views, analyzes, and interprets medical images. They consult with the patient’s primary doctor or specialist doctor about their findings.

• Health Care Providers: Registered Dietitians (RDs)

  A registered dietitian works with patients and families to give dietary support, create nutrition plans, talk about healthy lifestyle choices, and manage many conditions.

• Health Care Providers: Rheumatologists

  A rheumatologist is a doctor who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones, and tendons that can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. They also treat autoimmune diseases.

• Health Care Providers: Social Workers

  Social workers are mental health providers. They’re trained to evaluate and address each family’s unique emotional and social needs.

• Health Care Providers: Specialist Overviews

  There are many different types of health care providers. Check out our overview of who they are and what they do.

• Health Care Providers: Speech Therapists

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) — also called speech therapists — are licensed professionals who diagnose and treat disorders that affect speech and interfere with communication. Speech therapists can work in schools, hospitals, or specialty clinics.

• Health Care Providers: Urologists

  A urologist, sometimes called a urologic surgeon, is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, and treats problems that affect the urinary tract, kidneys, and genitourinary system.

• How to Shop for Health Insurance

  The government's healthcare marketplace, or exchange, is the new way to shop for health insurance. But just how do you find the best coverage and sign up? Get answers here.

• Intravenous Line (IV)

  An intravenous line (IV) is a soft, flexible tube placed inside a vein, usually in the hand or arm. Doctors use them to give a person medicine or fluids.

• Medical Care and Your 13- to 18-Year-Old

  Regular visits help your teen's doctor keep track of changes in physical, mental, and social development. The doctor can also help your teen understand the importance of choosing a healthy lifestyle.

• Medical Care and Your 2- to 3-Year-Old

  Regular well-child exams are essential to keeping kids healthy and up-to-date with immunizations against dangerous diseases. Here's what to expect at the doctor's office.

• Medical Care and Your 4- to 5-Year-Old

  Regular well-child exams are an important part of keeping kids healthy and up to date on immunizations against serious diseases. Find out what to expect at the doctor's office.

• Medical Care and Your 6- to 12-Year-Old

  Regular well-child exams are essential to keep kids healthy and up-to-date with immunizations. Find out what to expect at the doctor's office.

• Preparing Your Child for Visits to the Doctor

  When kids know they're "going to the doctor," they might wonder about the visit. Here's how to prepare them.

• Health Care Providers: Dermatologists

  A dermatologist is a doctor who helps people take care of their skin, hair, and nails, and diagnoses and treats problems when they do happen.

• Health Care Providers: Endocrinologists

  An endocrinologist is a doctor who studies and treats diseases and conditions that affect growth, development, puberty, and energy levels.

• Health Care Providers: Gastroenterologists

  A gastroenterologist is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, and treats diseases and conditions that affect the stomach and intestines.

• Health Care Providers: Geneticists

  A geneticist is a doctor who specializes in the study of genetics and family traits.

• Health Care Providers: Hematologists

  A hematologist is a doctor who specializes in blood diseases, bleeding disorders, and cancers such as hemophilia, sickle cell disease, leukemia, and lymphoma. They’re trained in hematology and oncology.

• Health Care Providers: Hematologists-Oncologists

  A hematologist-oncologist is a doctor who specializes in blood diseases, bleeding disorders, and cancers such as hemophilia, sickle cell disease, leukemia, and lymphoma. They’re trained in hematology and oncology.

• Health Care Providers: Interventional Radiologists

  An interventional radiologist is a doctor who’s specially trained to analyze and interpret diagnostic images. They also use special tools to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures.

• Health Care Providers: Neonatologists

  A neonatologist is a doctor who cares for newborns who were born prematurely or have complex medical needs.

• Health Care Providers: Nephrologists

  A nephrologist is a doctor who cares for people with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys.

• Health Care Providers: Neurologists

  A neurologist is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, and treats diseases and conditions that affect the brain.

• Health Care Providers: Neurosurgeons

  A neurosurgeon is a doctor who does procedures to treat and cure diseases and conditions that affect the brain and nervous system.

• Health Care Providers: Nurses

  Nurses provide much of the day-to-day care in hospitals, doing vital jobs like giving medicine and educating patients about self-care. Many kinds of nurses provide varying levels of care.

• Health Care Providers: Obstetricians & Gynecologists

  Obstetrics & gynecology is the branch of medicine that treats conditions and problems related to female reproductive health.

• Health Care Providers: Occupational Therapists

  Occupational therapists (OTs) help patients with injuries, illnesses, or disabilities. They help them develop, regain, and improve skills needed for daily working and living.

• Health Care Providers: Oncologists

  An oncologist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats different types of cancer.

• Health Care Providers: Ophthalmologists

  An ophthalmologist is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, prevents, and treats diseases and conditions that affect the eyes.

• Health Care Providers: Optometrists

  An optometrist is a doctor who examines eyes for problems, prescribes contact lenses and glasses and eye exercises, and diagnoses and treats eye diseases. They provide many of the same services as ophthalmologists, but they don't perform surgery.

• Health Care Providers: Orthopedists

  An orthopedist, or orthopedic surgeon, studies, diagnoses, and treats conditions that affect muscles, joints, and bones, such as infections, sports injuries, broken bones, and joint problems.

• Health Care Providers: Otolaryngologists

  An otolaryngologist, often called an ENT, is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, prevents, and treats diseases and conditions of the ear, nose, and throat.

• Health Care Providers: Pathologists

  A pathologist is a doctor who examines and interprets laboratory samples to find the causes of conditions, diseases, and sometimes deaths.

• Health Care Providers: Pediatricians

  A pediatrician is a doctor who diagnoses and treats children’s health conditions and concerns, including physical, behavior, developmental, and mental health issues.

• Electronic Health Records

  Many health institutions digitally store their patients' health information. Learn about electronic health records (EHRs) and how they can improve health care.

• Getting Health Visits in Your Preferred Language

  Making sure you and your child’s doctor understand each other is key to a helpful health care visit. If English isn’t your first or preferred language, here's how to do that.

• Health Care Providers: Adolescent Medicine Specialists

  An adolescent medicine specialist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats physical and emotional health concerns of kids and teens.

• Health Care Providers: Allergists/Immunologists

  An allergist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats asthma, allergies, or immune system conditions.

• Health Care Providers: Anesthesiologists

  An anesthesiologist is a doctor who oversees the medicine given to patients to prevent pain during medical procedures.

• Health Care Providers: Audiologists

  An audiologist is a health care professional who studies and treats hearing and balance problems.

• Health Care Providers: Behavioral Health Specialists

  Behavioral health is medical care that helps manage emotions and behaviors. The main health care providers who work in behavioral health are psychologists and psychiatrists.

• Health Care Providers: Cardiologists

  A cardiologist is a doctor who a doctor who studies, diagnoses, and treats medical problems that affect the heart and blood vessels.

• Health Care Providers: Cardiothoracic Surgeons

  A cardiac (or cardiothoracic) surgeon is a doctor who does surgery to treat problems that affect the heart and chest.

• Health Care Providers: Child Life Specialists

  Child Life refers to care that helps kids and their families overcome challenging events and cope with stress during medical experiences, especially kids who are hospitalized.

• Health Care Providers: Dentists

  A dentist is a doctor who studies, diagnoses, and treats mouth and teeth conditions, and also helps people maintain good oral care.

• Words to Know (Sports Medicine Glossary)

  This glossary provides definitions for some common sports medicine terms.

• Biobanks

  A biobank is a special lab that stores samples donated by patients. Scientists use them to study what causes a sickness or disease and to find treatments.

• When Kids Want to Quit a Sport

  What should parents do when their child wants to quit a sport?

• Joint Aspiration (Arthrocentesis)

  A joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) involves withdrawing (aspirating) a sample of fluid from a joint using a needle and syringe.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Cervical Spine

  A cervical spine MRI can help evaluate various symptoms and also help diagnose tumors, bleeding, swelling, infections, or inflammatory conditions in the vertebrae or surrounding tissues.

• A to Z: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome

  Learn about Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, a congenital heart condition that can cause an abnormally fast heart rhythm known as supraventricular tachycardia.

• A to Z: Wound Dehiscence

  Wound dehiscence is a condition where a cut made during a surgical procedure separates or ruptures after it has been stitched back together.

• A to Z: XXY Syndrome

  Learn genetic disorders and conditions that can affect social and sexual development.

• A to Z: Xerophthalmia

  Learn about this conditions that causes dry eyes.

• A to Z: Yellow Fever

  Learn about viral infections and diseases that can be transmitted from mosquitoes to humans.

• A to Z: Yersinia Enterocolitis

  See: Yersiniosis.

• A to Z: Yersiniosis

  Learn more about bacterial infections and illnesses that result from improper food preparation.

• A to Z: Zika Virus

  Zika is a virus that a person can get from being bitten by an infected mosquito. The virus is of particular concern for pregnant women and women who may become pregnant.