Understanding Hypercalciuria: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
What is Hypercalciuria?
Hypercalciuria is a condition where there is too much calcium in a child’s urine. It can affect kids of all ages, from newborns to school-aged children, especially those between four and eight years old. Sometimes, it happens for no clear reason (this is called idiopathic), or it can be linked to other health issues. If left untreated, hypercalciuria can lead to health problems like kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or even weaker bones.
Causes of Hypercalciuria
There are several reasons why hypercalciuria may occur, such as:
- Hyperparathyroidism: When the parathyroid glands work too hard, they make calcium levels in the blood and urine too high.
- Too Much Vitamin D: High levels of vitamin D can lead to more calcium in the blood and urine.
- Kidney Stones: Excess calcium in the urine can form crystals that develop into kidney stones.
- Diet: Eating foods high in calcium, sodium, or protein can contribute to hypercalciuria.
- Genetics: A family history of kidney stones, hypercalciuria, or other kidney problems can play a role.
Symptoms and Health Effects
Hypercalciuria can be painful and uncomfortable. If your child has any of the following symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor:
- Frequent urination
- Stomach pain
- Kidney stones
- UTIs
Kidney stones are one of the most common problems with hypercalciuria. They form when calcium in the urine turns into crystals. These crystals can grow into stones that cause pain or other problems. While most kidney stones pass on their own, some may need treatment.
Children with hypercalciuria may also have weaker bones, making them more likely to get fractures or develop osteoporosis later in life.
How is Hypercalciuria Diagnosed?
If your child shows symptoms, your doctor may recommend tests to check calcium levels in the blood and urine. These tests include:
- Single Urine Test: A one-time urine sample is tested for calcium.
- 24-Hour Urine Test: Urine is collected over 24 hours to measure calcium levels.
- Blood Tests: These check calcium levels and how well the parathyroid glands are working.
- Ultrasound: A non-invasive scan looks for kidney stones or other problems.
- Genetic Testing: This can help determine if genetics are involved.
Treatment and Management
The treatment for hypercalciuria depends on its cause. Some cases can be managed by changing your child’s diet, such as reducing sodium and increasing water intake. Medications may be prescribed to control calcium levels or prevent kidney stones. If another condition, like hyperparathyroidism, is causing the problem, your child may need to see a specialist.
At Rady Children’s Comprehensive Kidney Care Center, we offer a wide range of services for children and teens with hypercalciuria and other kidney issues. Our team includes doctors, nurses, dietitians, and other specialists who work together to create a care plan that meets each child’s needs.
Living with Hypercalciuria
Hypercalciuria is manageable with the right care. Your child’s doctor will guide you on treatments and lifestyle changes that can help. Regular checkups are important to track progress and adjust the care plan as needed. As your child grows, they may need regular tests to make sure their calcium levels stay under control and to prevent kidney stones or other issues.
Resources for More Information
- National Kidney Foundation Serving Southern California and Nevada
- National Kidney Disease Education Program
- American Association of Kidney Patients
If your child has stomach aches, trouble urinating, or other unusual symptoms, don’t wait to see a doctor. Babies and young children may not be able to explain what’s wrong, so testing can help identify the problem. Early diagnosis of hypercalciuria can lead to effective treatment and prevent future problems.
Remember, you’re not alone. The team at Rady Children’s is here to support you and your family, providing expert care and guidance to keep your child healthy and happy.